Common BEAN belongs to Fabaceae and the subfamily of Lotoideae. It is the most important species of the grain family with noticeable economic importance in human's nutrition. Regeneration from tissue culture is one of the most suitable and effective procedures for preservation and reproduction of the plants. In this investigation, induction of callus, shoot and root has been studied in common BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Goli) under different concentrations of a-Naphthalene acetic acid and Benzyl amino purine. First, the seeds were surface sterilized and transferred to suitable medium to achieve sterile seedlings. After 10 days, explants (hypocotyl, root and leaf) from sterile seedlings were tested in 25 various hormone treatments. For induction of organogenesis, explants were transferred to solid Morashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 g/lit sucrose, B5 vitamins and different concentrations of a-Naphthalene acetic acid (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/lit) and Benzyl amino purine (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/lit). Our data showed callus induction achieved in combination of two hormons: (0.4 mg/lit a-Naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mg/lit Benzyl amino purine). Induction of shoot increased with increasing concentrations of Benzyl amino purine to 2 mg/lit and then decreased. Induction of roots increased with increasing a-Naphthalene acetic acid concentrations. Furthermore, the level of internal auxin in common BEAN was high because the explants rooted in the minimum concentration of a-Naphthalene acetic acid. Subsequently, complete seedlings were transferred to the soil for further investigations.

In order to evaluate heritability and gene action for resistance to BEAN common mosaic virus (BCMV) four crosses were established among BEAN genotypes with various resistances to BCMV. All four crosses were extended by other generations-F1, F2, backcrosses- to establish four families. Four separate experiments were conducted in RCB design with 3 replications in greenhouse conditions. Inoculation was accomplished 2 weeks after sowing and sampling for ELISA test were performed 3 weeks after inoculation. Studies on the inheritance of resistance to BCMV using generation mean analysis and generation variance analysis indicated that additive components and epistasis ([i], [l]) play a major role in these crosses. Also, average broadsense and narrowsense heritabilities were 0.77 and 0.64 respectively. These data were showed importance of additive components for this trait. Therefore, selection for high resistance in breeding projects about this trait could be effective.

Introduction: Black BEANs are a variety of common BEANs (Phaseolus vulgaris) and belong to the legumes. Black BEANs contain a wide range of flavonoids, as well as some phenolic acids. The problems of production of this product, which reduces yields, are non-biological stresses, including drought. About 60% of the world's cultivateted BEAN is at risk of intermittent drought or at the end of the season. Several indices have been proposed to assess the response of genotypes under different environmental conditions and to determine their resistance and susceptibility, which helps to select drought tolerant genotypes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of black BEAN genotypes and to evaluate the response of these genotypes to drought stress by indices of drought tolerance. Materials and methods: 14 BEAN genotypes including 11 black BEAN genotypes and 3 other genotypes (which were control genotypes) were obtained from the Gene Bank of Agricultural and Natural Resources department in Karaj in two completely randomized block designs with 3 replications in two adjacent plots In the educational research farm of Ilam University in the city of Mehran was cultivated. In the first experiment, irrigation was carried out as normal and irrigation intervals based on 50 ml evaporation from the evaporation pan. In the second experiment, water stress was applied at flowering stage. At this stage, the irrigation interval was based on 100 ml evaporation from the pan. The measured traits included number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant height, grain yield and 100 grain weight. After data collection, analysis of variance and mean comparison by LSD method were performed for the studied traits. In addition, in order to determine resistant and stress resistant cultivars, various indices related to stress resistance including SSI (stress susceptibility index), STI (stress tolerance index), TOL (stress tolerance index), MP (average productivity index), GMP (Geometric Productivity Indicator) and Harm (Harmonic Average Index) were calculated. In order to determine the best index, the correlation of genotypes yield under stress condition (YS) and without stress (YP) with drought tolerance index was calculated. Results and discussion: The results of combined analysis of the data showed that the effect of environment and genotypes on all traits was significant and the diversity between the studied genotypes was observed in terms of traits under normal and stress conditions. In terms of yield, 1140 and 1170 genotypes had the highest and lowest yields respectively. In general, all traits were changed due to stress and their mean values decreased under stress conditions. The percentage of grain yield under stress was estimated to be 24. 26%. The most changes due to drought stress in genotypes related to yield, pod number and plant height. The most changes were due to drought stress in yield, pod number and plant height of black BEAN genotypes. Based on the Principal Component Analysis on the six indicators, YP and YS in the genotypes evaluated, it was found that the two main components justify 98. 9% of the total variation. The first component expresses 68. 6 percent of the total variation. The highest positive factor in the linear composition of the first component was YP, YS, MP, GMP, and STI. Based on the analysis of the main components on the six indicators, YP and YS in the genotypes evaluated, it was found that the two main components justify 98. 9% of the total variation. The first component expresses 68. 6 percent of the total variation. The highest positive factor in the linear composition of the first component was YP, YS, MP, GMP, and STI. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, yield loss in drought stress conditions in black BEAN genotypes was mainly due to the reduction in the number of pods per plant. According to correlation of YS and drought tolerance indices, STI, GMP and MP were the best indices of drought tolerance under stress conditions. Therefore, based on these indices, among the genotypes of black BEANs, 1183 genotype as the most tolerant (with 8. 07 g per plant) and genotypes 1187 and 1177 as the most sensitive genotype to drought stress (respectively, with yield 4. 17 and 5. 22 g per plant) were selected. Also, control genotypes (256, Talash and Daneshkadeh) had higher yields (respectively 18. 72, 13. 56 and 14. 21 g per plant respectively) and, for most of the indices, were more resistant than black BEAN genotypes. By using bi-plot of the Principal Component, genotype 1183 selected as the most tolerant drought stress.

To evaluate genetic diversity and to determine the relationships between yield and other importante traits among BEAN genotypes, an experiment was conducted in Random Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three repetitions under both normal and drought stress conditions in 2015-2016 crop season on 30 BEAN genotypes at Tehran University research farm. The results of variance analysis indicated high variation for the most traits. Based on means comparison, the highest and the lowest seed yield in both normal and drought conditions belonged to Daneshkadeh genotype. Regression analysis showed, under normal conditions significant relationship between sheath weight related to the number of seeds per plant, harvest index and the plant height, respectively had the highest relation with seed yields and Under stress conditions, significant relationship between sheath weight related to the number of seeds per plant, internode lenght and the day to 50% poding, respectively had the highest relation with seed yields. Factor analysis in normal and drought stress conditions, identified six factors that account for 82. 7 and 85. 3 percent of variations, respectively. In both conditions, the most variations were to first and second factor, the highest percent of data variation. Then the two to obtain a distribution of genotypes and identify the coordinates were used. Under normal conditions genotypes 13, 16, 12, 6, 27 and 5 and under drought stress genotypes 15, 26, 12, 18, 16 and 29 that the first and second factors were positive and above were selected as superior genotypes. Cluster analysis in both normal and drought stress conditions classified studied genotypes into four groups. The greatest diversity was observed among genotypes for traits. Thus, by selecting and breeding for traits, Increased grain yield per plant.

In this research, we studied polyamines including putrescine (put), spermidine (spd) and spermine (spm) changes in three common BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes, K-S-31167, GE-288 and NAZ under drought stress. Our result showed steadily increase in putrescine (put) and spermine (spm) in all three genotypes. GE-288 genotype showed decrease and then increasing in spermidine (spd) content but K-S-31167 and NAZ genotypes showed steadily increasing in spermidine (spd). NAZ genotype accumulated putrescine more than other polyamines and showed the highest amount of putrescine in compare with other genotypes. K-S-31167 genotype accumulated the highest spermine content in compared with other genotypes. Our result showed significant increase in electrolyte leakage (EL) in all three genotypes. K-S-31167 as drought tolerant genotype and ZAZ as drought sensitive genotypes showed the lowest and the highest increase in EL, respectively.